Software Defined Radio Practical SDR Questions Informational

What is the setup required for receiving GOES weather satellite imagery using an SDR?

The setup required for receiving GOES weather satellite imagery using an SDR is more advanced than NOAA APT because GOES satellites are geostationary (at approximately 35,786 km altitude), resulting in much weaker signals that require a directional dish antenna. The required setup: a dish antenna (a 60-120 cm offset satellite dish (repurposed Ku-band TV satellite dish) with a custom feed horn for the GOES HRIT/LRIT frequency band at 1694.1 MHz (L-band); the feed horn is a helical or patch antenna designed for RHCP at 1694 MHz; gain: approximately 18-24 dBi for a 60-100 cm dish), an LNA (a low-noise amplifier is essential due to the weak signal (approximately -130 dBm at the antenna output); the LNA must provide: 20-40 dB gain, less than 0.5 dB noise figure, and a bandpass filter centered on 1694 MHz to reject out-of-band interference; recommended: Nooelec SAWbird+ GOES ($35) or a custom-filtered LNA), an SDR receiver (an RTL-SDR dongle works (the GOES HRIT signal bandwidth is approximately 1.2 MHz, well within the RTL-SDR's capability), but: a higher-quality SDR (Airspy Mini, $100) provides better dynamic range and lower noise floor, improving the demodulation margin), dish pointing (the dish must be pointed accurately at the GOES satellite (GOES-16 at 75.2W or GOES-18 at 137.2W for North America); pointing accuracy: within approximately 2-3 degrees (for a 60 cm dish with approximately 6 degree beamwidth at 1694 MHz); use a satellite dish pointing calculator and fine-tune by maximizing the signal strength in the SDR software)), and decoding software (SatDump: open-source, actively developed satellite decoder that handles GOES LRIT and HRIT demodulation and decoding; goestools: Linux-based GOES decoder; produces full-disk Earth images, regional mesoscale sectors, and derived products (fire detection, lightning mapping)).
Category: Software Defined Radio
Updated: April 2026
Product Tie-In: SDR Dongles, Antennas

GOES Satellite SDR Reception

Receiving GOES imagery is a popular intermediate-level SDR project that produces stunning full-disk images of Earth updated every 10-15 minutes.

ParameterOption AOption BOption C
PerformanceHighMediumLow
CostHighLowMedium
ComplexityHighLowMedium
BandwidthNarrowWideModerate
Typical UseLab/militaryConsumerIndustrial

Technical Considerations

When evaluating the setup required for receiving goes weather satellite imagery using an sdr?, engineers must account for the specific requirements of their target application. The optimal choice depends on the frequency range, power level, environmental conditions, and cost constraints of the overall system design.

Performance Analysis

When evaluating the setup required for receiving goes weather satellite imagery using an sdr?, engineers must account for the specific requirements of their target application. The optimal choice depends on the frequency range, power level, environmental conditions, and cost constraints of the overall system design.

  • Performance verification: confirm specifications against the application requirements before finalizing the design
  • Environmental factors: temperature range, humidity, and vibration affect long-term reliability and parameter drift
  • Cost vs. performance: evaluate whether the application demands premium components or standard commercial grades
  1. Interface compatibility: verify impedance, connector type, and mechanical form factor match the system architecture
  2. Margin allocation: include sufficient design margin to account for manufacturing tolerances and aging effects

Design Guidelines

When evaluating the setup required for receiving goes weather satellite imagery using an sdr?, engineers must account for the specific requirements of their target application. The optimal choice depends on the frequency range, power level, environmental conditions, and cost constraints of the overall system design.

Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

How much does the setup cost?

Budget GOES setup: satellite dish (60-80 cm, used/repurposed): $0-30. Custom L-band feed (helical antenna, DIY from copper wire): $5-15. Nooelec SAWbird+ GOES LNA: $35. RTL-SDR dongle: $30. SMA cables and adapters: $10-20. Total: approximately $80-130. For better results: larger dish (1 m+): improves the SNR margin significantly. Airspy Mini SDR ($100): better ADC and lower noise. Better LNA (custom or Bias-T powered): lower noise floor.

What images can I receive?

From GOES-16/18 via LRIT/HRIT: full-disk Earth images (visible, infrared, water vapor) every 10-15 minutes. Mesoscale sector images (1000×1000 km regions) every minute during severe weather. EMWIN (Emergency Managers Weather Information Network): text-based weather warnings, forecasts, and advisories. The images are suitable for: weather monitoring, educational displays, and citizen science. The visible-light full-disk images of Earth are particularly stunning, showing: cloud patterns, hurricanes, and the day/night terminator.

What about Elektro-L and other geostationary satellites?

Elektro-L (Russian): geostationary weather satellite transmitting LRIT/HRIT at 1691-1693 MHz. Receivable with a similar setup to GOES. Provides imagery of the Eastern Hemisphere. FengYun-4 (Chinese): geostationary weather satellite. LRIT at 1697 MHz. Receivable from Asia-Pacific regions. Meteosat (EUMETSAT): geostationary over Europe/Africa. Transmits via EUMETCast (DVB-S satellite TV signal), which requires a standard satellite TV receiver and an EUMETCast license (free for educational use). Each geostationary satellite covers a different portion of the Earth, and hobbyists have received imagery from all of them.

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