How do I design a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer system?

Designing a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system enables a single RF signal to deliver both data and energy to a receiver, combining wireless communication and wireless power transfer in the same transmission. The fundamental challenge: information reception requires linear, low-noise processing of the signal (to accurately decode the data), while power harvesting requires nonlinear rectification (to convert the RF signal to DC). These two functions have conflicting requirements: information decoding is optimized at low power levels with high SNR, while energy harvesting needs maximum power delivery. SWIPT receiver architectures: time switching (TS; the receiver alternates between information decoding mode and energy harvesting mode in time; during time slots allocated to energy: the received signal is routed to the rectifier; during data time slots: the signal goes to the information decoder; simple to implement but reduces the effective data rate and the harvested energy (each has less than 100% duty cycle)), power splitting (PS; the received signal is split by a power divider: rho fraction goes to the information decoder, (1-rho) fraction goes to the energy harvester; both operate simultaneously; the splitting ratio rho is optimized to balance the data rate and the harvested power; the tradeoff: more power to the harvester improves energy but reduces the signal available for decoding), and separate antenna (SA; dedicated antennas for information reception and energy harvesting; no interference between the two functions; requires more physical space for additional antennas).