Link Budget and System Architecture Advanced System Design Informational

How do I calculate the aggregate interference from multiple co-channel transmitters at a victim receiver?

Calculating the aggregate interference from multiple co-channel transmitters at a victim receiver determines the total interference power from all interfering sources, which is essential for evaluating whether the victim receiver can operate satisfactorily in the presence of multiple nearby transmitters on the same or overlapping frequencies. The calculation involves: identifying all interfering transmitters (list every co-channel, adjacent-channel, and harmonically-related transmitter within the interference range of the victim receiver), calculating the received interference power from each transmitter (for each interferer i: P_int_i = P_tx_i + G_tx_i(theta_i) + G_rx(phi_i) - PL(d_i) - L_misc, where P_tx_i is the transmitter power, G_tx_i is the transmitter antenna gain in the direction of the victim, G_rx is the victim receiver antenna gain in the direction of the interferer, PL is the path loss at distance d_i, and L_misc includes cable losses, building penetration, and polarization mismatch), summing the interference powers (the aggregate interference power is: I_agg = sum(P_int_i) for all interferers i, where the sum is performed in linear power units (watts), not dB), and calculating the victim's signal quality (the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio: SINR = P_desired / (I_agg + N_noise), where P_desired is the received desired signal power and N_noise is the receiver's thermal noise power; the SINR must exceed the minimum required SINR for the desired quality of service). The path loss model depends on the environment: free-space (LOS conditions), ITU-R P.452 (for interference between fixed stations), 3GPP models (for cellular, including urban, suburban, and rural scenarios), or site-specific ray-tracing (for the most accurate prediction).
Category: Link Budget and System Architecture
Updated: April 2026
Product Tie-In: System Components

Aggregate Co-Channel Interference Calculation

Aggregate interference analysis is essential for spectrum management, coexistence studies, and network planning. It determines whether multiple systems can operate in proximity without unacceptable performance degradation.

ParameterFree SpaceUrbanIndoor
Path Loss ModelFriis (1/r²)Okumura-HataIEEE 802.11
Fading Margin0 dB10-30 dB5-15 dB
MultipathNoneSevereModerate-severe
Typical RangeLine of sight1-30 km10-100 m
Shadow Fading (σ)0 dB6-12 dB3-8 dB
  • Performance verification: confirm specifications against the application requirements before finalizing the design
  • Environmental factors: temperature range, humidity, and vibration affect long-term reliability and parameter drift
  • Cost vs. performance: evaluate whether the application demands premium components or standard commercial grades
  • Interface compatibility: verify impedance, connector type, and mechanical form factor match the system architecture
  • Margin allocation: include sufficient design margin to account for manufacturing tolerances and aging effects
Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I get the antenna patterns for the calculation?

For the interfering transmitters: use the antenna pattern model specified by the manufacturer or the ITU-R recommendation for the antenna type. ITU-R F.699 provides reference patterns for point-to-point antennas. ITU-R F.1336 provides patterns for base station antennas. For satellite earth stations: ITU-R S.580 or the actual measured pattern. The antenna gain in the direction of the victim (off-axis gain) determines how much power the interferer transmits toward the victim. For the victim receiver antenna: use the actual antenna pattern, particularly the sidelobe levels and back-lobe level, which determine how much interference is received from directions outside the main beam.

What protection criteria should I use?

The victim receiver's protection criteria specify the maximum allowable interference level. ITU-R defines protection criteria for various services: fixed microwave: I/N = -6 dB (interference 6 dB below the noise floor, causing 1 dB sensitivity degradation). Broadcasting: protection ratios (minimum desired-to-undesired signal ratio) specified per modulation type. Satellite: delta_T/T = 6% (interference causes a 6% increase in the receive system noise temperature). Cellular: the SINR must meet the minimum for the desired throughput (e.g., SINR > 0 dB for basic coverage, > 15 dB for high-speed data).

How does frequency offset affect the calculation?

For interferers not exactly co-channel but on adjacent or nearby channels: the interference power at the victim receiver is reduced by the victim receiver's selectivity (the filter attenuation at the interferer's frequency offset). This is modeled using: the victim receiver's channel selectivity mask (attenuation vs. frequency offset), and the interferer's emission spectrum (power vs. frequency offset from the interferer's center frequency). The net frequency-dependent rejection (FDR) is: FDR = integral of (interferer emission × victim selectivity) df / (total interferer power). Typical adjacent-channel FDR: 30-60 dB (depending on the filter characteristics).

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